![]() ![]() It had stained many hands, too, and many faces, and many naked feet, and many wooden shoes. "The wine was red wine, and had stained the ground of the narrow street in the suburb of Saint Antoine, in Paris, where it was spilled. ![]() We'll analyze some examples taken from literary texts. As linguists have often pointed out, surface sequences of English cannot be radically rearranged without causing disturbances. The surface components depend upon each other according to grammatical forms and conventions, such that cohesion rests upon grammatical dependencies. the actual words we hear or see, are mutually connected within a sequence. Cohesion concerns the ways in which the components of the surface text, i.e. ![]() Some scholars including Halliday and Hassan (1976) include exophoric reference in the cohesive device of reference. According to him, schemata involve two kinds of knowledge the knowledge of the world (content schemata) and the knowledge of the different forms of the text (formal schemata). McCarthy describes schema as 'the role of background knowledge' in understanding the text. Davies also mentions the role of context and subtext (reading between the lines) as important to the coherence of any text. He, thus, discusses that person, spatial, temporal, discourse and social deixis describe the context of a text. Deixis, according to him, are 'linguistic markers that have a pointing function in a given discourse context'. Hatch, however, discusses context under the heading of deixis. ![]() McCarthy discusses the role of context but he warns about mixing it with co-text (the text surrounding a lexical item), which he mentions to be only a part of the broader term, 'context'. The mental world of the people involved in a discourse to be crucial in interpreting and understanding the meaning. He includes physical and social context and He finds that a context of the situation is essential to understand what is meant by what is said. Every text has a context, says Paltridge (2006). The various elements (excluding cohesion) involved in a coherent text, as noted by discourse analysts, include, context, schema, subtext and exophoric reference. Thus, Brown and Yule and Hatch clearly mention that, apart from cohesive ties, there are other elements involved in obtaining coherence. Hatch defines that the textual coherences can be obtained only if the communication system, the social norms and restrictions, language scripts for particular speech acts, suitable for particular speech events are all considered carefully. Brown and Yule explain that in a coherent text the meaning is clear and the various fragments of the text seem connected either with or without cohesive devices. Hassan describes texture as 'a matter of meaning relations'. Paltridge writes that the texture of a text can be obtained where various items are tied together to provide meaning to the text which in turn relate to the social context in which the text occurs. Halliday and Hassan followed by McCarthy and Paltridge used the term texture or textuality for coherence. Thus he marks coherence as an identity of a text. Davies explains the idea of a text when she says, "not all sequences of sentences form texts-they have to be coherent sequences". In the article we'll try to investigate correlation of cohesion and coherence in some examples from literary texts.Įvery unified piece of discourse is a coherent set of sentences. But these intra-sentential relations are different in kind because they are determined by phonological and grammatical rules and described, inter alia, as syntactic-semantic relations of valency, dependency, constituency, modification. Of course, connecting relations also hold among elements of structure within grammatical units such as word, phrase, clause or sentence. In Linguists there are used the two notions of cohesion and coherence to refer to the (linguistically encoded or just assumed) connectedness of spoken as well as written discourse or literary text. Key words: cohesion, coherence, discourse, context. Different scientists points of views on the problem is studied and examples from literary texts are analyzed. The 2nd year Master of Linguistics, KKSU Īnnotation The article deals with the problem of text categories such as cohesion and coherence their correlation in literary texts. International scientific journal volume 1 issue 1 ![]()
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